Speed of Sound — Practical Applications and Calculations

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Overview

The speed of sound varies with temperature and medium. Understanding it explains how to estimate lightning distance, how sonar works, and what supersonic flight means.

The Formula

v = 331 + (0.6 × temperature in °C) | At 20°C: 343 m/s | Distance = v × time

Standard formula used by professionals worldwide

Worked Example

Step-by-step

Lightning: see flash, count 3 seconds → distance = 343×3 = 1,029m ≈ 1km

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Frequently Asked Questions

Why does sound travel faster in water?

Water molecules are closer together, transmitting vibrations more efficiently. Speed ≈ 1,480 m/s.

What is Mach 1?

The speed of sound at given conditions. Mach 2 = twice the speed of sound.

Does temperature affect sound speed?

Yes — warmer air has faster-moving molecules. Speed increases about 0.6 m/s per °C.

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